Why payment fraud requires more than traditional monitoring

Why payment fraud requires more than traditional monitoring
  • 8 minute read

Many organisations believe they have a payment fraud problem. In reality, they have a visibility problem. Digital payments have become the default for many customers and businesses. They are fast, convenient and available at any time. Financial institutions process millions of transactions daily, making it increasingly difficult to distinguish legitimate activity from potential fraud. Yet the same features that make digital payments attractive to customers also make them attractive to criminals. Financial institutions  face growing risks from unauthorised payments, social engineering scams and mule accounts used to move stolen funds. At the same time, suspicious payment behaviour often remains difficult to identify before losses occur.

579 bln

The scale of the problem keeps increasing. Global fraud losses were estimated at approximately USD 579 billion in 2025

Source: Nasdaq Verafin, 2026 Global Financial Crime Report, Inspiring Collective Action in a New Era of Evolving Threats

What makes modern payment fraud especially challenging is that many fraudulent payments do not look “wrong” when viewed as a single transaction. The fraud indicators are often there, but they are hidden in plain sight. Without visibility across the broader customer and payment journey, potentially suspicious activity can appear perfectly legitimate. A transfer can be initiated with valid credentials and stay within normal limits. In social engineering scams, the customer may even authorise the payment themselves. 

That is why preventing payment fraud increasingly depends on seeing the full context around a payment - not only the amount and destination. This is where integrated monitoring can make a real difference: it connects data from multiple sources and flags high-risk activity early enough to act before the payment is completed. 

Why traditional monitoring is no longer enough

Traditional monitoring often relies on rules focused mainly on transaction details: unusual amounts, high volumes, risky destinations, or predefined watchlists. These controls remain important, but today’s payment fraud rarely reveals itself through a single obvious alert. 

number one

Fraud often becomes visible only when multiple signals are connected. 
Individual indicators may not trigger concern, but their combination can reveal a level of risk that traditional transaction-based controls may miss. 

number two

Detection windows are shrinking. 
With real-time and faster payments, institutions have less time to identify suspicious activity before funds leave the financial system. 

The challenge is increasingly one of visibility rather than data availability. You may already have the right signals, but they often sit in different systems and are not connected in time to prevent losses.  

What does integrated monitoring actually mean?

Integrated monitoring connects transaction, behavioural, technical and historical signals to build a more complete picture of risk. The real value lies in context: connecting signals across systems can reveal relationships and patterns that individual controls may miss. 

Integrated monitoring brings together:

Transaction details – what was sent, when and where

Behavioural signals – how the customer normally logs in, navigates and makes payments, including mouse movement

Technical context – device, channel and location information


Account patterns – relationships that may indicate mule activity

Historical risk signals – previous alerts, disputes or investigations

The objective is simple: understand what is normal for a customer and identify when something does not fit the pattern. 

Fraud can develop across a sequence of customer interactions, with warning signs emerging well before the payment itself. A new device registration, a login from an unusual location, a change in customer details, the creation of a new beneficiary and, finally, the payment itself may each appear low risk when viewed separately. Together, they can indicate an ongoing fraud attempt. Integrated monitoring helps connect these dots. 

Where integrated monitoring adds value: key fraud scenarios

Authorised Push Payment (APP) fraud is one of the fastest-growing fraud typologies. Customers are manipulated into sending funds to fraudsters through impersonation scams, invoice redirection or romance scams. Global losses are estimated at approximately USD 62 billion in 20252.  

Because the payment is authorised by the customer, traditional controls may view it as legitimate. The payment is often the final stage of the fraud journey, not the beginning. Integrated monitoring can provide additional context around the payment, including recent beneficiary changes, shifts in payment behaviour or unusual customer interactions, helping identify a scam even when the transaction itself appears legitimate. 

Account takeover remains a major threat, particularly as criminals can act quickly once access to an account has been compromised. 

Integrated monitoring can identify the progression from an unusual login or new device through beneficiary creation to payment initiation. Recognising this sequence can help institutions detect account takeover and intervene before funds are transferred. 

Once funds are transferred, criminals often move stolen funds rapidly through networks of mule accounts to obscure their destination and make recovery more difficult. Recent estimates suggest mule networks may facilitate the movement of approximately USD 284 billion annually3. Integrated monitoring can reveal relationships between accounts and patterns of rapid fund movement that may be difficult to detect at an individual transaction level. This network-level view can help identify coordinated activity and expose connections that transaction rules alone may miss. 

Not every fraud case is triggered by a single red flag. In many cases, risk emerges through the accumulation of seemingly harmless signals. 

Examples include: 

  • a slightly unusual payment amount 
  • an unfamiliar device 
  • a minor change in behaviour  
  • an atypical transaction time 

Individually, these deviations may not justify intervention. Assessed in context, however, they can indicate elevated risk, helping reduce false positives and focus attention on the cases that matter most. 

Integrated monitoring is not about generating more alerts. More alerts do not mean better fraud detection. False positives remain a major challenge for financial institutions. They increase operational costs, consume investigator capacity and can create unnecessary friction for legitimate customers. 

Better detection is not about seeing more activity. It is about understanding which activity actually matters.  

The objective is not to generate more alerts. It is to generate better alerts.

Why real-time detection changes the outcome?

In payment fraud, timing often determines the outcome. Once funds have left an account, recovery becomes far more difficult.  

By connecting multiple signals in real time, you can identify risk earlier and apply targeted interventions before a payment is completed. 

Typical actions include additional: 

  • verification 
  • beneficiary cooling-off periods 
  • tailored warnings or manual review of high-risk transactions 
  • manual review of high-risk transactions 

This shift from reactive investigations to proactive prevention is increasingly important as payment processing becomes faster. 

Real-world example4

A LexisNexis Risk Solutions case study reported a 50% increase in money mule account detection after combining transaction, device and behavioural intelligence, helping recover approximately USD 965,000 for victims of fraud. The broader lesson is clear: combining different types of intelligence can translate directly into stronger detection and better outcomes for fraud victims.

Why yesterday's controls may not be enough

The payment fraud landscape is evolving rapidly. Faster payments, APP fraud, AI-powered scams, deepfakes and increasingly sophisticated mule networks are making fraud faster, more scalable and more difficult to detect. 

90%

of organisations have observed an increase in AI-enabled fraud attacks over the last two years according to industry surveys.

As criminals adapt their tactics, static rule-based monitoring struggles to keep pace. Integrated monitoring helps organisations identify emerging patterns and respond more effectively. 

Conclusion

Faster payments and evolving fraud methods are narrowing the window for detection and intervention. Integrated monitoring helps institutions respond by turning fragmented information into a clearer view of risk. 

In today’s fast-moving payment environment, connecting data and recognising patterns early is no longer just an advantage. It is becoming a prerequisite for effective fraud prevention. 

Sources:
2. Nasdaq Verafin, 2026 Global Financial Crime Report, Inspiring Collective Action in a New Era of Evolving Threats
3. Nasdaq Verafin, 2026 Global Financial Crime Report, Inspiring Collective Action in a New Era of Evolving Threats
4. LexisNexis Risk Solutions, Financial institution uplift in detection of money mule accounts (case study), (accessed: 22 Sep 2026).
5. Nasdaq Verafin, 2026 Global Financial Crime Report, Inspiring Collective Action in a New Era of Evolving Threats

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Marta Prus-Wójciuk

Marta Prus-Wójciuk

Director, PwC Poland

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