DSA (Digital Services Act) - is one of the most important EU regulations in recent years in the field of providing digital services. Colloquially called the "Constitution of the Internet", it strengthens the position of users of online platforms in relation to providers of these services. Depending on the nature of the services provided, undertakings must meet many new obligations. In practice, the DSA applies to most undertakings who share or store content on the Internet.
The DSA is fully applicable from February 17, 2024.
DMA (Digital Markets Act) - is a regulation aimed at restoring fairness in the digital sector fairer and making it more competitive. DMA establishes a set of clearly defined, objective criteria for identifying "gatekeepers". Gatekeepers are large undertakings offering the so-called core platform services, such as online search engines, online intermediation services, communication services. Gatekeepers must comply with the orders (i.e. obligations) and prohibitions (i.e. restrictions) listed in the DMA. The DMA is one of the first regulatory tools aimed at comprehensively regulating the activities of the largest digital undertakings.
The DMA is fully applicable from May 2, 2023.
mere conduit service providers, e.g. VoIP, internet service providers, top-level domain name registry
caching service providers, e.g. reverse proxy, content adaptation protocol
hosting service providers, e.g. cloud services, web-hosting, services enabling sharing information and content online, websites (in certain situations)
online platforms
online search engines
The current list of designated very large online platforms (VLOP) and very large online search engines (VLOSE) is available on the European Commission website.
An undertaking is presumed to meet the relevant requirements to be considered an access gatekeeper if:
it has achieved an annual turnover in the EU equal to or above EUR 7,5 billion in each of the last three financial years, or where its average market capitalisation or its equivalent fair market value amounted to at least EUR 75 billion in the last financial year, and it provides the same core platform service in at least three Member States
it it provides a core platform service that in the last financial year has at least 45 million monthly active end users established or located in the Union and at least 10 000 yearly active business users established in the Union
the above thresholds were met in each of the last three financial years.
The current list of gatekeepers is available on the European Commission website.
Undertakings who do not comply with DSA regulations must expect fines:
of the annual worldwide turnover for failure to fulfill any of the obligations specified in the DSA
Gatekeepers who violate the DMA must expect fines:
of its total worldwide turnover in the preceding financial year or up to 20 % in the case of repeated infringement of obligations
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